2014 Zionsville general election guide

The following changes in times and voting locations have been made for the elections.

Voting is from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m., Nov. 4.

Where you can vote:

• Boone County 4-H Grounds -1300 E 100 S, Lebanon
• Boone Co. Senior Services- 515 Crown Pointe Dr, Lebanon
• Zionsville Town Hall- 1100 W Oak St, Zionsville
• Zionsville Presbyterian Church- 4775 W 116th St, Zionsville
• Traders Pt. Christian Church- 6590 S Indianapolis Rd, Whitestown
• Thorntown Public Library-124 N Market St, Thorntown
• Advance Christian Church- 305 N Main St, Advance
• Jamestown Municipal Building – 421 E Main St, Jamestown
• Elizaville Christian Church- 5745 N 500 E, Lebanon

In order to sign in to vote, you must bring a current identification card issued by the Indiana or U.S. government that includes your photo, name and an expiration date. Acceptable forms of identification include a passport, military ID with expiration date, Indiana driver’s license or an Indiana photo ID.

U.S. Rep. District 5

Susan Brooks (R)

• Personal: Brooks, 53, is a Carmel resident. She has been married to husband, David, for 27 years, and they have two adult children and a yellow Lab named Scout.
• Background: She has a bachelor’s degree from the Miami University (Ohio) and a law degree from IUPUI. She previously was a small business owner, a federal prosecutor, a workforce development executive at Ivy Tech, and a nonprofit board member in addition to being appointed deputy mayor of Indianapolis by Mayor Stephen Goldsmith in 1998.
• Website: www.SusanBrooksforCongress.com

Shawn Denney (D)

• Personal: Denney, 41, is an Indianapolis resident. He is engaged to Amber Stearns and has three children of his own.
• Background: He has bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the University of Indianapolis. He currently works as a high school U.S. and world history teacher but previously worked in the banking industry.
• Website: www.denneyforcongress.com

John Krom (L)

• Personal: Krom, 65, has been a Noblesville resident since 1980. He has been married to wife, Liz, for 44 years and they have two adult children, Aaron and Amy, and five grandchildren.
• Background: He has a bachelor’s degree in economics from Wabash College. Krom worked in the construction industry for 24 years before starting his own lumber company. He helped form Habitat for Humanity of Hamilton County and later became executive director of Habitat for Humanity of Indiana and Indiana 211.
• Website: www.kromforcongress.com

Secretary of State

Connie Lawson (R)

• Personal: Lawson, 65, is married with two children.
• Background: Lawson attended Darden School of Legislative Leadership and the Bowhay Institute of Legislative Leadership Development. She has worked in the real estate industry as a closing agent/office manager and secretary/treasurer. Later she worked as a clerk for Abstract & Guaranty Company and served as circuit court clerk for Hendricks County. She has also served the Indiana State Senate, District 24.
• E-mail: [email protected]

Karl Tatgenhorst (L)

• Personal: Tatgenhorst is married with three children.
• Background: Karl is an army veteran who served for four years before returning to Indiana. He has worked in a number of industries including agriculture, manufacturing and currently technology. He is a volunteer at Wolf Park in Battleground, Ind., where he works with animals.
• E-mail: [email protected]

Elizabeth “Beth” White (D)

• Personal: White is married with one son.
• Background: White graduated from Indiana University and received her law degree from Georgetown University Law Center. She is currently serving her second term as Marion County Clerk. White also is an adjunct professor at IUPUI and serves on the Indianapolis Public Schools Education Foundation. Previously she served on the board of the Julian Center.
• E-mail: [email protected]
• Website: www.bethwhite.org/about_beth

Treasurer of State

Mike Boland (D)

• Personal: Boland, 72, is a Fishers resident. He has been married to wife, Mary, for 46 years and they have two adult daughters and two grandchildren.
• Background: He has spent 30 years teaching in an urban school, 25 years as part-time adjunct instructor at colleges and 16 years as an Illinois State Representative. Boland has a bachelor’s degree from Upper Iowa University; master’s in engineering from Henderson State University and 32 additional semester hours beyond master’s degree at University of Iowa and Western Illinois University.
• Website: http://bolandforindiana.org

Michael “Mike” Jasper (L)

• Personal: Jasper, 58, is a resident of Indianapolis. He is married with one daughter. Jasper is a Quaker and attends Society of Friends.
• Background: He has a bachelor’s degree with an area of concentration in accounting and finance from Murray State University. Jasper is an independent financial advisor. He has worked his life as a CPA, investment advisor, small business controller and small business advisor.
• Website: www.facebook.com/pages/Mike-Jasper-for-Indiana-Treasurer/652058784865063

Kelly Mitchell (R)

• Personal: Mitchell, 47, resides in Indianapolis. She and her husband, Larry, have two college-aged children, Chloe and Colin. Her family is involved in their church, Common Ground Christian.
• Background: Mitchell has a bachelor’s in political science and government from Valparaiso University and a master’s in philanthropic studies from IUPUI. She has served for six and a half years in the state treasurer’s office as director of TrustINdiana, Indiana’s local government investment program. Mitchell also served two terms as a county commissioner in Cass County, including five years as board president.
• Website: www.votekellymitchell.com

Auditor of State

Michael “Mike” Claytor (D)

• Personal: Claytor, 62, moved to Carmel in 1975. He is married to Debbie Winchester and they have three adult children, William, Joshua and Whitney; each are Carmel High School graduates.
• Background: He has a bachelor’s in accounting from Ball State and a Juris Doctorate, Cum Laude from Indiana University – Indianapolis School of Law. He has served eight years as deputy state examiner of the Indiana State Board of Accounts and was on the Indiana Recount Commission in 1996. Claytor also has served as a citizen advisory member of the Local Government Finance Study Commission and the Clay Township Regional Waste District.
• Website: www.mikeclaytor.com

Suzanne Crouch (R)

• Personal: Crouch, 62, is a resident of Evansville. She has been married to Larry Downs for 32 years and they have one daughter, Courtney Downs Drew.
• Background: Gov. Pence appointed Crouch as the 56th Indiana Auditor of State on Jan. 2. She previously served as a state representative from Vanderburgh and Warrick Counties for seven years and was vice-chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee. Crouch also served two terms as a Vanderburgh County auditor and then went on to serve as county commissioner. She graduated from Purdue University with a degree in political science.
• Website: www.suzannecrouch.com

John Schick (L)

• Personal: Schick, 54, of Chesterton is married with three sons who all live and work in Indiana.
• Background: He has an MBA from Indiana University. Schick has 17 years experience as a management consultant spent evaluating the cost, quality and productivity of purchased-services received at some of the largest corporations in the world.
• E-mail: [email protected]

Zionsville School Board

Debbie Ungar, At-Large

What do you think is the biggest problem or concern facing Zionsville schools?

In 2015, Zionsville Community Schools will receive $832 LESS per student than the state average in Indiana. When multiplied across the official count of 5,963* students currently enrolled in ZCS, this amounts to a nearly $5 million funding deficit every year. Zionsville taxpayers are currently investing additional funds to cover this shortfall, but 2015 is the last year of the current referendum. The ZCS School Board members, administration and community members must be ready and willing to advocate for our community to get the more equitable funding formula we deserve from the state.

*There are currently 6,193 students enrolled in ZCS, but the state only counts Kindergarteners as ½ and pro-rates partial day students.

What do you think the parents of Zionsville schoolchildren are most concerned about when it comes to sending their children to school?

I think parents want to know that their children are in a safe and caring environment and that they are being challenged to achieve their personal academic best. This varies for every student and parents expect teachers and school staff to know and do what is best for their child. No school system will get this right for every child in every circumstance, but I think parents in Zionsville can rest assured that this is always the goal.

Are you in favor of random drug testing at the high school level, and if so why?

As a parent of two high school students, I would love to have an easy solution to the challenges of teen substance abuse. I think every parent would. Unfortunately, I don’t think that there are any easy answers. The recent conversation regarding random drug testing was very productive in identifying the pros and cons of RDT programs and bringing the issue of student substance abuse out of the shadows. However, I think several concerns remain about random drug testing including the effectiveness, appropriate implementation and potential to drive students to more lethal, but less detectable, synthetic drugs. The current Board chose to table the decision while additional information was collected which was an appropriate action. I look forward to considering the additional information when it becomes available and making an informed decision. In the meantime, I encourage parents who would like to obtain a free drug-testing kit for use in their home to contact Witham Toxicology Laboratory.

Are you in favor of a district-wide referendum, and if so why?

Without a substantial change in the state-wide school funding formula, Zionsville Community Schools will continue to receive nearly 15% less per student than the average school district in Indiana. This inequity in the funding formula makes it impossible to maintain appropriate class sizes and programs without the additional investment from taxpayers through a referendum. Claims to the contrary are simply false.

The 2012 referendum approved by a large majority of Zionsville voters restored programs, lowered class sizes (though they are still not optimal) and maintained Zionsville’s outstanding home values. This referendum will expire in 2015. If the state legislature does not dramatically amend the funding formula during the legislative session in the early part of 2015, the voters should have the opportunity to make that determination once again. It is important to remember that the School Board members determine the timing (spring or fall), size and length of the referendum question, but the voters have the final decision. It is crucial to have School Board members who understand school funding and who honestly communicate the effects of the referendum decision.

Do you think Zionsville will need to build a second high school within the next 10 years, and if so, would you support this initiative?

The current Board wisely and creatively used funds from the 2005 bonds to add flexible space at the current high school that will ultimately result in increased classroom space. The projection is that this will allow the high school to stay under capacity until 2022. Beyond that it is difficult to predict how housing growth and changes in curriculum delivery might impact the need for additional high school classroom space. The community conversation 8 years ago clearly showed a preference for maintaining one high school. Under state law, the final decision would belong to the voters as any new debt for construction now requires voter approval of a separate building referendum.

What is one quote you live by, in your personal and professional life? 

Always say “please” and “thank you.”

So, thank you for the opportunity to discuss these issues and please vote for me on Election Day.

Jim Longest

What do you think is the biggest problem or concern facing Zionsville schools?

The reduced funding for Zionsville and other high performing school districts is rooted in a 20 year-old funding formula that is in desperate need of revision. Zionsville is the third lowest funded public school in Indiana. Zionsville is also consistently one of the highest performing school districts. ZCS leading a coalition of underfunded school districts to lobby the state legislature for equitable funding in exchange for high performance. The coalition will lobby for equitable funding during the budget session of the next legislature, and if re-elected, I will dedicate my time to be at the statehouse, in person, to lobby for our taxpayers. Some say that the Board should not try, but I believe that as a Board member, it is my duty to fight for our district and our taxpayers.

What do you think the parents of Zionsville schoolchildren are most concerned about when it comes to sending their children to school?

The two greatest concerns I have heard from parents are elimination of programs and increase in class size. The Board needs to focus on restoration of class size metrics. There are countless studies that indicate a direct correlation between class size and the educational outcome. ZCS currently does a great job in controlling the size of classes at each end of the spectrum of students, but we have only partially restored class size for the majority of our grade levels. Full restoration of class size should be the top priority. The second priority should be the restoration of our programs. Elementary physical education is one example. Creating a culture of healthy life styles is essential to the life long well being of our children.

Are you in favor of random drug testing at the high school level, and if so why?

There is significant anecdotal evidence that there is an alcohol and drug use problem in Zionsville, as it exists in all communities. We must address the issue. I believe that the best way to approach the issue is with a comprehensive plan from kindergarten through high school graduation that empowers each student with the knowledge and strength to say “No” to peer pressure. This approach would have been be embedded into the culture of both ZCS and the Zionsville community as a whole. The Board has asked the Administration to produce a report of the programs from K-12 that have been utilized in each of the last 5 years by grade level. After evaluating the sufficiency and effectiveness of the current programs, the Board should then take up the issue of RDT. RDT should be the implemented only after the Board has exhausted all other avenues available to it.

Are you in favor of a district-wide referendum, and if so why?

No one is in favor of serial referenda. The answer to eliminate them from recurring is to get ZCS an equitable distribution of money from the State for our general fund. The Board began cutting all non-essential spending that did not touch the classroom in 2008. Those cuts were not sufficient to bridge the funding gap and program cuts had to be made. Those cuts eliminated such things as the International Baccalaureate Degree and elementary physical education and increased class sizes at all grade levels. Countless studies show there is direct correlation to class size and student achievement. Given that, if we are unable to get equitable funding from the state in the 2015 legislative session, we will be forced to put a referendum on the ballot or face austerity in the classrooms in form of very large class sizes resulting in harming the quality of education in Zionsville.

Do you think Zionsville will need to build a second high school within the next 10 years, and if so, would you support this initiative?

There was an intense effort to build public consensus around the concept of Zionsville being a 1 or 2 high school community. It was decided then that Zionsville would have one high school. Schools are a defining characteristic of communities and serve as rallying points for all of its citizens. Those that have chosen to have multiple high schools have become fractured, and rivalries have popped up between these groups. It is our charge to find innovative ways to teach our children at the high level that defines ZCS and maximize the use of space that we already have.

What is one quote you live by, in your personal and professional life?

“Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”

Marc A. Mitalski, At-Large

It is important to understand that the Board of School Trustees has a dual responsibility for implementing legal requirements pertaining to public education and for meeting the expectations of the citizens. While the Board has an obligation to consider citizen demands, it is understood that when individuals are elected or appointed to represent citizens in the conduct of specified educational programs, they are endowed, at the same time, with the authority to exercise their best judgment in determining policies, making decisions, and approving procedures for carrying out these designated responsibilities.

What do you think is the biggest problem or concern facing Zionsville schools?

The biggest problem or concern is wasteful spending outside the classroom. Disciplined decision-making is needed related to spending and expansion in-line with the mission, reputation and growth of the Zionsville Community Schools.

What do you think the parents of Zionsville schoolchildren are most concerned about when it comes to sending their children to school?

Parental concerns vary significantly. As parents of three children, the desires that my wife Nancy and I have for our children are similar to those of other parents in the community. Concerns that have been voiced to me by parents include:

• Bullying
• Safe environment
• Pressure to excel
• Student growth at all levels of achievement
• Class Sizes
• Appropriate and responsible use of school funds

We are hopeful that the board will at all times listen to the concerns of the citizens and respectfully resolve them.

Are you in favor of random drug testing at the high school level, and if so why?

I would vote against random drug testing at this time. ZCS policies exist to address the concerns. Are they being executed to the most effective extent possible and has there been any data collected to show a worsening or lessening problem of drug use detection in the ZCS schools? Adherence to existing policies and attention to past and present data should be reviewed prior to the implementation of this policy.

Are you in favor of a district-wide referendum, and if so why?

Based on the history of deficit spending and debt of the district, it seems unlikely that a referendum can be avoided. The amount of the referendum is the question and what is the anticipated time frame before ZCS can operate within a balanced budget without deficit spending and needed referendum? Every line item in the budget needs to be evaluated. If one or more budgeted expenditures are not in line with the educational mission of Zionsville Community Schools, it needs to be cut. I support a plan to cut spending, without firing teachers, a plan sufficient to result in a referendum for an amount less than the current referendum, thereby allowing for a tax reduction.

Do you think Zionsville will need to build a second high school within the next 10 years, and if so, would you support this initiative?

Long-term planning considerations are a responsibility of the board. I believe a viable approach to future planning would be to direct the board’s chief financial officer to conduct a study that considers items such as: changing student demographics, facility needs, time-lines, outcomes, and financial impact. Only with substantiating data should an expansion of facilities and resources be considered. However, I think an expansion of or addition to the existing high school facility would be more economically feasible and would provide a better use of resources.

What is one quote you live by, in your personal and professional life?

A quote that I live by is from the book Good to Great by Jim Collins.

“Do you have a ‘to do list?’ Do you also have a ‘stop doing’ list? Most of us lead busy but undisciplined lives. We have ever expanding ‘to do’ lists, trying to build momentum by doing, doing, doing – and doing more. And it rarely works. Those who built good-to-great companies, however, made as much use of ‘stop doing’ lists as ‘to do’ lists. They displayed a remarkable discipline to unplug all sorts of extraneous junk.”

Meei Jeng

What do you think is the biggest problem or concern facing Zionsville schools?

The biggest problem Zionsville Schools is facing is not being able to get the spending priorities in order while facing challenging issues like funding formula change or enrollment growth. The schools have not been able to maximize the available dollars used to support classroom teaching and have not been able to prioritize resources back into classroom.

What do you think the parents of Zionsville schoolchildren are most concerned about when it comes to sending their children to school?

Our community is fortunate to have many involved parents who pay attention to their children’s education. Most parents are concerned their children receive a quality education in a safe environment. We need to maintain our school’s stellar reputation and to continue to provide an exceptional education for our children. This election is about our children. This election is about our future. I will bring that focus.

Are you in favor of random drug testing at the high school level, and if so why?

Boone County has seen an increase of drug-related issues. Although schools are not parents, schools do need to provide a safe environment for all children. Drugs should not be allowed on school premises. If a child exhibits behavior that causes the school official to believe that child may be under the influence of drugs, that child should be tested. Otherwise, I do not favor random drug testing of students.

Are you in favor of a district-wide referendum, and if so why?

No, I do not support a district-wide referendum, at least not until the School Board gets the spending priorities in order. Two years ago, the community supported a 3-year $4.7 million per year referendum to increase property taxes so that the School Board would have a chance to fix the funding issues and to avoid firing 34 teachers. The School Board continues to approve the expansion of the administration budget and to raise administrators’ salaries. Those kinds of decisions do not directly benefit students’ classroom learning experience. Now, our Superintendent is telling us that (without another referendum) 75 teachers will be affected in the future. It is clear that the School Board continues its status quo operation while knowing it has less money per student coming from the state and has increasing enrollment. I will not support a policy that balances the budget by firing teachers or by increasing taxes. I will support a policy that requires prioritization of all spending based on children’s needs first.

I will also support a policy that maximizes the available dollars used to support classroom teaching. This means no firing of teachers.

Do you think Zionsville will need to build a second high school within the next 10 years, and if so, would you support this initiative?

ZCS needs to have a long-range strategic plan to accommodate the growth. Whether it is one high school or two high schools will depend on the economic value of each option. This has to be studied and evaluated to ensure we weigh all the pros and cons of each option before making the final decision.

What is one quote you live by, in your personal and professional life?

“When one door of happiness closes, another opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we do not see the one that has been opened for us.” – Helen Keller

Shari Alexander Richey

What do you think is the biggest problem or concern facing Zionsville schools?

The single biggest problem facing Zionsville schools is funding. Since the state took over the funding of public schools in 2008, we have seen cuts that no one envisioned at that time. In 2010 and 2011 alone, the state cut K-12 funding by $300 million and $327 million, respectively. These cuts resulted in $1.5M and $1.6M less to ZCS in those years. In addition, with the the passage of property tax caps into law in 2010, Zionsville has seen a total loss of $15.1M in funding for the years 2010 – 2014. The estimate of circuit breaker losses for ZCS for 2015 is $3.9M. As noted in our most recently completed school year, Zionsville receives an average of $832 LESS per pupil. With 5,963 students in the system, this equates to $4,961,216 in less funding per year than the AVERAGE per pupil funding in the state.

With a per pupil funding amount of $4,961, we are the third lowest funded public school in Indiana. The last time we had per pupil funding this low was in 2001, and we were serving 2,500 less students! To push for legislative change and funding formula reform, ZCS leaders are leading a coalition entitled “The Indiana Fix-It Coalition” to lobby for equitable funding for high performing districts. By collaborating with similarly underfunded and high performing districts, the coalition will continue to work towards reform of this unfair double taxation. Our only recourse to funding our schools adequately should not be in the form of serial referenda.

For more details and information on the 2015 budget and the financial challenges facing our school district (as presented at the 10/13/14 ZCS Board meeting), please see the information posted by ZCS CFO, Mike Shafer, on the ZCS website.

What do you think the parents of Zionsville schoolchildren are most concerned about when it comes to sending their children to school?

Parents have a number of concerns. In the four years I’ve served, I’ve heard the most concerns surrounding class size. This is no surprise as countless data tell us that smaller class sizes yield optical educational outcomes. Removing programs is a close second. These concerns are warranted, as the community has seen class sizes rise and programs eliminated due to our state funding crisis. Specifically, we no longer have physical education classes in elementary and we had to abandon the International Baccalaureate Degree program in the high school due to funding cuts. We must do all we can to, at a minimum, maintain the current class sizes and programs in place at this time. The most recent report on class sizes was presented at the 10/13/14 ZCS Board meeting and can be found on the ZCS website. Further degradation of either of these metrics will begin to erode the quality of the school district. By addressing the funding issue as outlined in question 1 above, we can ameliorate much concern in the class size and programmatic areas.

Are you in favor of random drug testing at the high school level, and if so why?

First, we must all acknowledge that our community – like all others – has issues with drug and alcohol use among its underaged population. With that in mind, I know that this community would have instituted a silver bullet strategy long ago, if one existed. Knowing that this is a multi-faceted and complex issue, I believe we have to look at each every tool available to us to determine how best to eradicate this problem for our youth.

This subject was broached at the Board level earlier this year. As noted in the podcasts for those respective meetings, I would first like to see what the school corporation has done to date in the drug prevention arena, before weighing in on my opinion for RDT. At this time, I am awaiting a 5 year report due from the ZCS Administration re: the school’s drug prevention efforts for K-12. Once we have a sense for what the District has done to date, we will be in a more informed position to consider what other strategies might make sense for this community. To date, I have read a number of studies and reports on the efficacy of RDT in high schools. I have yet to find a comprehensive study illustrating that RDT has been effective in reducing drug use among student populations. Conversely, several studies have shown that some students actually increased their drug use of other (more dangerous) drugs that exit the body more quickly and are thus, less likely to be detected in a urine sample. In all of the studies I’ve reviewed to date, the culture of the school appears to be as important, if not more so, in terms of mitigating substance abuse. I look forward to receiving the data for ZCS’ past five years and discussing in more detail so that I can make an informed decision on this important matter.

Are you in favor of a district-wide referendum, and if so why?

I know no one who would like to pay more taxes or be subject to a referendum every few years. As outlined above and in our board podcasts, the most equitable solution for Zionsville taxpayers is to achieve funding formula reform. We are not receiving our fair share of money from the state for the General Fund. We will continue to work hard for a change in the funding formula which will reward schools that are high performing and growing. If these efforts do not result in funding formula change that allows for our schools to be funded at least at the average funding level (currently $832 per student under average x 5963 students = $4,961,216 shortfall from average), then our board will be forced to put a referendum on the ballot for the community to decide. A referendum would be our last option to keep class sizes from ballooning and to keep the qualify of education at its current level.

Do you think Zionsville will need to build a second high school within the next 10 years, and if so, would you support this initiative?

Based on the latest enrollment and capacity presentation made at the ZCS Board meeting on 10/13/14, it is currently projected that the school corporation should be within building capacity until 2023. Given our current growth rate (a total of 145 new students for the district this year – see 10/13/14 ZCS Board materials on website), it is not unreasonable to assume that more space will be needed at the high school in ten years. When this 1 vs. 2 high schools concept was considered in 2007, ZCS administration did a number of community meetings to get the community’s weigh in. From that effort, the community overwhelmingly wished to stay with one high school. If this requires consideration in another 10 years, I would expect that the community would have that same opportunity to determine if a second high school is appropriate, an expansion of the current high school footprint is appropriate, and/or some other combination to be considered (virtual classrooms, etc).

What is one quote you live by, in your personal and professional life?

“If you don’t like something, change it. If you can’t change it, change your attitude. Don’t complain.” – Maya Angelou

Unopposed candidates

• Clerk – Jessica J Fouts – R
• Commissioner District 1 – Marc Applegate – R
• Council District 1 – Tom Santelli – R
• Prosecutor – Todd J. Meyer – R
• Surveyor – Kenneth Hedge – R
• Assessor – Lisa C. Garoffolo – R
• Judge Superior Court No. 1 – Matt Kincaid – R
• Judge Superior Court No. 1 – Bruce Petit – R

BMV expands hours for voters needing photo IDs

Indiana BMV Commissioner Don Snemis has announced that license branches will extend hours of operation on Nov. 3 and 4 to issue ID cards and driver’s licenses that may be used for identification at a polling place. Branches will be open from 8:30 a.m. to 8 p.m. Nov. 3 and from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. Nov. 4.

License branches will only process new, amended or replacement ID cards, and renewed, amended or replacement driver’s licenses, learner permits, and CDLs. Aside from disability placards, the branches will not perform any other BMV services.

The Indiana BMV provides free, state-issued ID cards for voting purposes to any unlicensed Hoosier, as long as he or she can provide proper documentation and is old enough to vote. A complete list of required documents is available at www.myBMV.com.

All license branches will resume regular business hours on Nov. 5.

The BMV previously extended hours for two days prior to the primary election (5,359 credential transactions) and the 2012 general election (14,935 transactions).